Male Control the Social World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal Essay

Chloride Concentration in South Florida Canal - Essay Example The Florida channels are situated in South Florida is involves a moderately low-lying exceptionally carbonate region as far as the geological measurement. The territory gets a relative help precipitation design and the precipitation conveyance is 10mm more than 100 Km extend. South Florida lies predominantly on bedrock whose structure was mostly carbonated material, which was framed more than one twenty years back. The South Florida waterways are fundamentally wetlands framing a basic part of the biological system. The expanding levels of chlorine and different synthetic concoctions in the waterway is a significant worry for the administration and analysts when all is said in done (Gleason 165). Rural, family unit and modern exercises contribute a great deal to the expanding levels of synthetic concoctions in the trench in the course of the last one hundred years. The nature of water bodies in the Florida trench is disintegrating a direct result of a few factors such humanities exercises, wetlands eutrophication and methylmercury contamination in the channel. Eutrophication is primarily brought about by elevated levels of phosphoric materials from the businesses. Marine life in the channel is breaking down because of methylmercury contamination from modern exercises (F. McPherson 59). In addition, the rate at which the wetlands dry is expanding as because of anthropogenic exercises in the Florida channels. This influences the viability at which water streams into the waterway that is a major hit to the environment balance. This exploration, nonetheless, centers around deciding the levels or centralization of chloride in the Florida channels.

Atypical Depression Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment

Atypical Depression Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Coping Atypical depression is a type of depression that does not follow what was thought to be the typical presentation of the disorder. In general, people with atypical depression experience similar symptoms as those with major depressive disorder (MDD) but with one crucial difference: mood reactivity. In other words, a persons mood is able to improve if something positive happens. Atypical depression, which is now referred to as major depressive disorder with atypical features, is actually quite common. Unlike other forms of depression, people with atypical depression may respond better to a type of antidepressant known as a  monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). MDD with atypical symptoms also has an early onset age, and typically diagnosed in the teenage years. Symptoms In addition to the core symptoms of depression, people with atypical depression may also experience the following symptoms: A mood that temporarily brightens after a positive event or happy newsIncreased appetite and weight gainA heavy feeling in the arms or legsBody achesSleeping for long periods at night or during the day (hypersomnia)Extreme sensitivity to rejection or perceived criticism Less common symptoms include: InsomniaHeadachesEating disordersPoor body image Causes The reason why some people experience atypical depression is not known.  A potential cause of atypical depression is an imbalance in certain neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which all influence mood. Other factors that can raise your risk for atypical depression include: Family history.  You are more likely to experience symptoms of atypical depression if others in your family also have depression or another type of mood disorder.Certain medical conditions.  You may be more likely to experience atypical depression if you have a history of bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, avoidant personalities, body dysmorphic disorder, or social phobia.Substance use.  Having a history of substance use can also increase the likelihood of depression.   Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression Diagnosis Making a correct diagnosis is a critical step in getting the treatment you or your loved one needs. Unfortunately, unlike many other health conditions, there isn’t a lab test, X-ray, or physical exam that can provide a definitive diagnosis. Instead, your doctor will need to make a clinical diagnosis that requires taking into account your family history, risk factors, symptoms, and any underlying health concerns. To rule out any health conditions that may cause symptoms of depression or be an underlying cause, you may be given a blood test, drug screen, and imaging tests (such as a CT scan or MRI of the brain). You may also likely undergo a depression test, which can be done orally during the exam by a physician or mental health professional or via paper or a digital device before seeing the physician.  Some doctors compare your answers and symptoms to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)â€"but thats only part of the diagnostic puzzle. Is There a Test That Determines If You Have Depression? According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with depressive disorder with atypical symptoms a person has to exhibit the ability to feel better temporarily in response to a positive life event (mood reactivity), plus any two of the following criteria for a period of two or more weeks: Excessive eating or weight gainExcessive sleepFatigue, weakness, and feeling weighed downIntense sensitivity to rejectionStrongly reactive moods Treatment Although  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors  (SSRIs) and other newer medications are often the first-line choices for depression treatment due to their favorable side effect profiles, patients with atypical depression tend to respond better to  monoamine oxidase inhibitors  (MAOIs). Some common MAOIs include: Nardil (phenelzine)Parnate (tranylcypromine)Marplan (isocarboxazid)Emsam (selegiline) Still, SSRIs may be prescribed first simply because they do not have the potential for serious side effects or dietary restrictions that MAOIs do.  For example, to prevent potentially fatal high blood pressure spikes, it is necessary to avoid  foods and beverages  high in tyramine while taking MAOIs. How MAOIs Work and Common Side Effects Wellbutrin ((bupropion) is another medication used in the treatment of atypical depression and is often prescribed along with other antidepressants to help counter any sexual side effects found in those medications. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is also an important part of a treatment plan for atypical depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been scientifically proven to be effective in treating symptoms of depression. CBT can help you develop coping skills to better manage your stress, deal with negative thoughts and emotions, and manage your fears. These skills can be particularly helpful as you wait for antidepressant medication to begin working. Other types of psychotherapy that may be used for atypical depression  include: Behavioral therapyCognitive therapyDialectical behavioral therapyIndividual, group, and family therapyInterpersonal therapyPsychodynamic therapy The Best Online Therapy Programs Along with medication and psychotherapy, treatment for atypical depression may also include 30 to 45 minutes of light therapy (phototherapy) each morning, using a light box with a minimum power rating of 10,000 lux. Coping If atypical depression is interfering with your daily activities, working with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that involves medication and psychotherapy is a great first step. Beyond that, there are lifestyle modifications that may help ease the symptoms and help you better cope.   Prioritize nutrition and exercise.  Doing your best to stick with a healthful diet and regular exercise program  will improve your overall health and help decrease the symptoms of atypical depression. Aim to exercise five days a week, for 30â€"60 minutes a day.Practice mindfulness meditation and deep breathing.  Deep breathing exercises combined with mindfulness meditation  can teach you to become aware of your thoughts and feelings without reacting to them.Write in a journal. Journaling, or expressive writing, is a highly recommended tool for dealing with depression. Whether you do it daily or weekly, making journaling a habit can help allow you to explore your feelings and counteract many of the negative effects of stress.Seek support. Perhaps the most important thing you can do to cope with depression and prevent isolation is to develop  strong social support. This can include trusted family and friends or an online or in-person depression support group with whom you can connect w ith and share your feelings and experiences.   A Word From Verywell It is important to see a mental health professional rather than your primary care physician for treatment. Not all types of depression are alike nor do they respond to the same medications. A physician in general practice is not likely to have the experience necessary to differentiate between the subtypes or to know which treatment choices are more likely to work. If you are forced by insurance or financial circumstances to see a primary care physician for your treatment, do the legwork to make up the potential deficit in your physicians knowledge. If you educate yourself and take an active role in your treatment, youre less likely to slip through the diagnostic cracks. Tips for Living With Depression

The On A Smaller Planet - 1496 Words

On a smaller planet, unlike our own, lives multiple species that call themselves the â€Å"myth people.† There are mermaids and mermen, yetis, fairies, winged people, pirates, gods and goddesses, witches, dragons, nymphs, griffins, leprechauns, unicorns, and ogres. On an island where the oceans surrounding are crystal clear, there are beautiful sky kingdoms and mighty mountains where yetis, fauns and the winged ones live. Under the sea, in the throne room of a castle, a mermaid named Tyla is pleading with her dad, King William. â€Å"Daddy, can I please go explore the surface?† she asked in desperation. â€Å"NO!!† her father quickly replied. â€Å"But you let all my sisters go to the surface when they turned 14,† she complained. â€Å"I know that, but I don’t think you are not responsible enough to go to the surface and not be seen by any land creatures,† he said quietly, more to himself than Tyla. â€Å"What was that Daddy, did you just sa y that I am not responsible?† questioned Tyla. â€Å"Do you really think that I would risk our kind like that,† she paused, â€Å"well, if you do, you are wrong, I love our private life here under the perfect ocean and I would never, ever try to destroy the secrecy of our lives.† After a little bit more of conversation King William stated, â€Å"Fine, you may go explore the surface, but you MUST be back before sunrise. Do you understand?† â€Å"Yes, thank you, thank you, thank you Daddy!† she squealed. â€Å"I will make sure I am back before sunrise!† Then Tyla kissed her father onShow MoreRelatedPluto s Planet X : Discovery And Naming1266 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussed as a possible binary planetoid and the four smaller satellites. Pluto’s composition will be studied from its thin atmosphere to its core. Finally, the significance of several theories of Pluto’s place in the solar system will be analyzed. History Pluto was discovered in 1930 during the search of a celestial body that could explain the orbital perturbations of Neptune, hypothesis proposed by Percival Lowell as Planet X. The planet is named both in reference to the Roman god of the underworldRead MorePluto as a Dwarf Planet1131 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition from a Merriam- Webster Dictionary a planet is â€Å"any of the large bodies that revolve around the sun in the solar system which have a similar body to them†. This is not a very specific explanation and makes it hard to fully grasp what it means; at this you could easily say that in fact Pluto a planet. However if you look at a scientific encyclopedia the definition is much different and more specific. The Access Science Encyclopedia says a planet is â€Å"A) a celestial body that is in orbit aroundRead MoreThe Habitable Zone outside Earth Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesanywhere else but on this blue planet, but that should not make the possibility of it any less real. Space, like the future, is always ahead of us, and no one can predict what it has in store for us or what ideas will be found. Outside of the Earth, life in the univer se is not such an inane thought as was once believed. Firstly, there are a number of variables that affect the habitable zone of stars. There is also an insurmountable number of possibly habitable planets that could support life. FinallyRead MoreEssay on Gravitation Lab860 Words   |  4 Pagesthe tape measure and the grid. 2. Click the radio button for 4 objects and run the simulation until the purple planet (body 2) has made one complete orbit (one year). 3. After the first orbit (year), turn off the traces (show traces box) and watch another orbit (year) of the purple planet (body 2). Question One: Is blue moon (body 3) circling the yellow sun (body 1) or the purple planet (body 2)? Explain your answer. Using the trojan asteroids setting it looks like all 3 bodys are orbiting theRead MoreAstronomy Lab1648 Words   |  7 PagesASTR 101 Size of the Solar System Name _______ Section __ Overview  · Become familiar with the scale of the planets vs. their distances.  · Get an overview of the solar system.  · 50 points are possible Introduction It is easy to flip to the index of an astronomy textbook to discover that, say, the Sun lies 150 million kilometers away from Earth. It is far more difficult (if not impossible), however, to picture this distance in our mind. In this exerciseRead MoreEssay On New Solar System911 Words   |  4 Pagessystem is special since it has seven planets that are very alike to our Earth. With the terrain being rocky and warm enough that it could support life on it. This discovery is the first time people have ever found that out that there are rocky planets that are orbiting a single star. Before we have the technology we have today, the only terrestrial planets we knew of being four planets. And we didn’t even know much about our solar system, other than our planet and some a few others, but as we reachRead MoreEarth And The Solar System1041 Words   |  5 PagesEach and every planet, moon, and rock in our solar system is different in many different ways. Surprisingly a lot of the known knowledge about our planets comes from guessing. Well not just random guessing smart guessing. Studying Earth can tell us a lot about other planets and what they are made of. Let’s start at the core of planets, literally. Terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars have cores made of Iron. While the Jovian planets like Saturn and Jupiter have rocky cores. Scientists have multipleRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Planet879 Words   |  4 Pagesthings that would damage the planet. For example the people usually use the air conditioner, this would discharge a lot of greenhouse air. That is too late to save it from complete destruction when climate change has damaged the planet beyond repair. Global warming is caused by the factory and cars always discharge CO2. ’ Global warming is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere—which acts as a blanket, trapping heat and warming the planet.’ (Union of Concerned ScientistsRead More Pluto: A Planet? Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages Pluto: A Planet? Many issues have arisen from the debate whether or not Pluto is a planet. Some astronomers say that Pluto should be classified as a â€Å"minor planet† due to its size, physical characteristics, and other factors. On the other hand, some astronomers defend Pluto’s planet status, citing several key features. Indeed, most of the problem is that there is no formal definition of a planet. Furthermore, it is very difficult to invent one that would allow the solar system to contain all nineRead MoreThe Meat And Dairy1267 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States we are currently in an environmental crisis. Our temperatures keep rising and while a lot of people are trying to make efforts to help with this, many people are still ignoring the easiest way to help the planet. The meat and dairy industry are two of the largest contributors to climate change and one of the easiest solutions for people to help with is to at least cut back on their consumption of meat and dairy. The UN has even said â€Å"A substantial reduction of impacts of impacts

Dry A Memoir By Augusten Burroughs - 1490 Words

â€Å"2 billion people worldwide consume alcohol. 24% of people in the United States over the age of 11, most of them male, binge-drink each month (NSDUH, 2010). Nearly 7 percent of persons over 11 years of age binge-drinking at least five times each month (NSDUH,2010).† (Comer, 2014) With such high amount of people who consume alcohol, alcoholism can be considered one of the most common substance abuse worldwide. In Dry: A Memoir by Augusten Burroughs, he describes his previous experience on heavy alcohol abuse and how alcoholism forces him to change his daily life. In the first chapter, Augusten introduces himself as an advertiser in an advertising company in New York with some info about his personal background and the first drinking†¦show more content†¦In the day that Augusten finished the drinks with Jim, he meets his Faberge client in the Metropolitan Museum of Art with his partner, Greer. Probably Greer is the first person who notices Augusten’s problem at work because she recently starts warning Augusten about his drinking such as â€Å"’You’re late for work†¦ you look disheveled†¦ you’re bloated†¦ you’re always impatient†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (pg.11). During the meeting, Greer admonishes Augusten again about his smell, which is caused by the alcohol he had last night. As a cover-up, Greer suggests Augusten have some drink during lunch and Augusten orders a double martini, which is not an appropriate drink at noon. After the work, Augusten starts drinking again, but he reduces the amount to one bottle only due to the global brand meeting in the next day. Nevertheless, he fails to attend the meeting on time: he wakes at 12 pm, which is 2 hours late for the meeting already. Though Augusten finally reaches the meeting, it ends up with a disappointing result to his company that the Faberge clients leave and the deal is gone. First, Greer is driven mad for Augusten’s irresponsibility to this deal and his long-term alcoholism; in the next day, his boss, Elenor has a short meeting with Augusten and reflects the seriousness of his alcoholism:† It’s many, many instances where your drinking has had an effect on your performance here at theShow MoreRelatedDry: A Memoir Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesAfter finishing this memoir, there is no denying that the main character, Augusten Burroughs, has a problem. From a very young age his alcoholic tendencies (coupled with other drug use) have caused hardships for both himself and those around him. As he aged, so his alcoholism increased. In Dry: A memoir we get to see Augusten’s challenging journey from a life revolving around alcohol to sobriety. As previously mentioned, it is undeniable that Augusten did have a problem. But, does this automatically

Problems In Policy Implementation Policy And Education Education Essay Free Essays

string(109) " Dubai are confronting a job of cultural diverseness, but what are the solutions of traveling over this job\." In a turning economic system like UAE, there is a critical demand for legion Numberss of policies to modulate this growing and header with it. The direct consequence of this growing is increase in the figure of exiles compared to subjects ; those exiles are from diverse cultural backgrounds that have their impact on the educational system in UAE and the addition in demand for new educational policies to cover the job of cultural diversenesss in schools. Education policy refers to the aggregation of Torahs, regulations, and ordinances that run the operation of instruction systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems In Policy Implementation Policy And Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education occurs in many signifiers for many intents through many establishments ( early childhood instruction, kindergarten through to 12th class, two and four twelvemonth colleges or universities, alumnus and professional instruction, grownup instruction and occupation preparation ) . Education policy can straight impact the instruction people engage in at all ages, it includes school size, category size, school pick, school denationalization, tracking, teacher instruction and enfranchisement, teacher wage, learning methods, curricular content, diverseness in category, graduation demands, school substructure investing, values that schools are expected to continue and pattern, globalisation challenges. The ends of new educational policies are to supply all kids with an equal educational chance under the increasing force per unit area of diversenesss within schoolrooms. The ideal policy in general must include the â€Å" duty are required alterations in our methods of thought and nearing instruction in such a manner that all people are respected. More intercultural apprehension and an consciousness of societal and planetary cognition will necessitate to be actively incorporated into our educational course of studies. Not merely is cognition of other civilizations required but besides originative and critical thought will be developed to make new policies affecting equalities in multicultural instruction † ( Bennett, 2010 ) . In UAE, we ca n’t state that there is one individual policy to cover with the job of increasing in diversenesss at schools in UAE, and each school has its ain policy to cover with this job. The demand for policy Tharp ( 1994 ) states that â€Å" The increasing diverseness of cultural and cultural groups in schools has led to a parallel addition in concern for the deductions of this demographic displacement for instruction † .Most of the schools in UAE are concentrating on civilization in their policies ; they are discoursing how to make suited educational civilization in the schoolrooms and friendly atmosphere outside the schoolrooms to increase degrees of interactions between the pupils. Cultural diverseness is considered a major concern for many schools and it differs from school to another based on the types of pupils they have, and from what cultural backgrounds they come. Cultural diverseness and Multicultural instruction is an thought, an attack to school reform, and a motion for equity between pupils, societal justness, and diverse cultural acknowledgment that is needed in order to accommodate with the globalisation motion. Specialists within diverse cultural instruction stress different constituents and cultural groups. However, a important grade of consensus exists within the field sing its major rules, constructs, and ends. A major end of multicultural instruction is to reconstitute schools so that all pupils get the cognition, attitudes, and accomplishments needed to map in an ethnically and racially diverse state and universe ( Multicultural Education, 2010 ) . Good and idealistic policy will increase the focal point on cultural diverseness will assist schools in keeping educational equity for members of diverse racial, cultural, cultural, and socioeconomic groups, and to ease their engagement as critical and brooding citizens in an inclusive national civic civilization, but is there an being of such policies at schools in UAE? The consciousness of cultural diverseness construct in instruction attempts to supply pupils with educational experiences that enable them to keep committednesss to their community civilizations every bit good as get the cogni tion, accomplishments, and cultural capital needed to map in the national civic civilization and community. Policies at private schools in Dubai There are many policies related to cultural diversenesss at private schools in Dubai, but the focal point will be on the policy at DIS that is covering with the issue of cultural diverseness in and outside the schoolrooms. â€Å" Social development culminates in its enlargement to a planetary magnitude, where pupils place themselves and their civilization in an international position, understands and accepts cultural particulars and differences, and presume the person and national duties towards international cooperation † ( DIS, 2010 ) . This citation is an illustration of how private schools in Dubai are mentioning to cultural consciousness in their policies, but inquiries on the factors interfering in policy formation, like regulations and believes of the environing environment, execution and the relevant instruments lift instantly into treatment. This citation is the policy of how to cover with cultural diverseness at DIS, but it is considered short to show everything rela ted to its values, excessively general, it lacks of execution techniques, and it is considered inexplicit. Who put the policy and who will implement it, are considered major issue for the success of the policy ; I will stand for a sample of Institutional position on educational policy and pattern ( figure 1, Scott and Meyer 1994 ) , and what are the major parties involved is any policy from scenes, execution, monitoring and responsible for giving feedback. Institutional theory offers a more nuanced lens for analyzing the organisational and institutional conditions that mediate these reforms, and how they do or make non do their ways into schoolrooms. Namely, as represented in Figure 1, institutional theory draws attending to the broader cultural forces that help specify the major parties involved in every policy ( Patricia Burch, 2007 ) . The major concern here is that the schools which refer to cultural diverseness and consciousness in their policies are non cognizant of it, and if they are cognizant ; there is no clear methods of executions and measuring. Each policy is affected by the milieus ( stakeholders ) , that may interfere straight or indirectly in puting the policy, schools in Dubai are confronting a job of cultural diverseness, but what are the solutions of traveling over this job. You read "Problems In Policy Implementation Policy And Education Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Mentioning it in the policy is a portion and resolution is another portion ( words vs. action ) , and it is allowed for individual school to take it ain action in work outing the job without governmental intervention. The policy is set by people in charge who may interact by either affecting others in implementing it, or force others to implement it. Those people in charge are responsible for any alteration in the policy. Figure 1 How does the Policy position Culture? â€Å" You can experience it within proceedingss of come ining a school: the behaviour of the pupils, the attitude of the instructors, the attention for the physical works, the artefacts of find, acquisition, wonder, community, look and thinking that adorn the walls of the topographic point, it is obvious that this is a topographic point where immature people and instructors learn † ( Bill Schubart 2010 ) . Good policy must include the features of good and learning civilization that is cognizant to pupils from diverse civilization and give them equal opportunities of acquisition, and increase their sense of consciousness towards each others. â€Å" Good educational and learning civilization is non driven by high belongings revenue enhancements, intensifying school budgets, federal or province statute law, national testing, good edifices, nice categories or instructors ‘ brotherhoods. It is a sculptural behaviour set by leading in the school, followed by a critical mass of the instruction organic structure, all of whom are accountable for the civilization and spread it by their ain illustration and experience, their committedness to a community of acquisition, taking cultural diversenesss and barriers between pupils, their regard for one another and for their pupils † ( Schubart, 2008 ) . What is the instructor ‘s function in implementing and following the policy? The diverseness in classrooms nowadayss alone chances and important challenges for learning. Students in UAE schools are with a broad assortment of accomplishments, abilities, and involvements and with changing potencies in assorted countries. The wider the fluctuation of the pupil population in each schoolroom, the more complex the instructor ‘s function becomes in, instruction, forming, actuating and commanding pupils to guarantee that each pupil has entree to high-quality acquisition. The ultimate end of any instructor is to happen suited attack to every pupil in the schoolroom, and seek to actuate him in a manner to acquire the best from him. To make that end, instructors need aid, preparation and good designed course of study that must suit the demands of all pupils. Many schools have prepared their instructors to cover with diverseness instances in their schoolrooms and leave it for the instructor to measure the state of affairs and happen the suited solution to extinguis h those diversenesss in order to acquire the best from pupils, and increase their sense of belonging. The policy at DIS does n’t advert any point related to the instructor function in the execution of the policy, how it will be applied, what other parties to be involved ( supervisors and parents ) , and the alterations in course of studies to ease the execution procedure. This inexplicit policy is considered excessively short to discourse every individual facet related to the job and set force per unit area on instructors to calculate out personal solutions to cover with diversenesss in their schoolrooms. Those solutions are non standard ; they vary from instructor to teacher and from category to category. Good policy does n’t give border for such fluctuations ; it must hold clear values, good articulated, the action required from this policy must be stated, and the methods of execution must has to included in the policy. Where are the mistakes of execution? ( Implementation Gap ) The policies in general are clear, written in a good professional linguistic communication, and they are considered portion of school ‘s mission. The jobs are non in the policy or its values merely, but in the execution of those policies, and the deficiency of communicating between assorted parts responsible for using the policy. There could be implementation spread as a consequence of many factors, which could originate from the policy itself, the policy shaper, or the environment in which the policy has been made. Implementation spread can originate from the policy itself when such a policy emanates from authorities instead than from the mark groups. â€Å" By this, it means that be aftering is top-down. And, by deduction, the mark donees are non allowed to lend to the preparation of the policies that affect their lives, the mark groups could be the instructors, pupils, and households † ( Makinde, 2005 ) . Another cause of execution spread is the failure of the policy shapers to take into consideration the societal, political, economic and administrative variables when analysing for policy preparation, as I referred in the beginning of this paper there is spread between private and public schools constabularies refering cultural policies, public schools that are merely attained by subjects with incorporate course of study all over the state, put less force per unit areas on those schools to recognize cultural diversenesss between their pupils. Decision Schools in UAE are considered runing pot of pupils from diverse cultural backgrounds that need a suited constabularies to accomplish equal educational chances that will assist them to recognize other civilizations, and increase pupils ‘ openness to diverse civilizations. Polices entirely without the suited instruments of execution is considered useless, good execution is considered cardinal success for any policy that put policy in action. Considering targeted group in puting the policy and affecting them will increase its credibleness and do the nidation easier to a certain extent. The policies must be clear, written in a good professional linguistic communication, and they are considered portion of school ‘s mission. The jobs are non in the policy or its values merely, but in the preparation and execution of those policies, and the deficiency of communicating between assorted parts responsible for implementing the policy. How to cite Problems In Policy Implementation Policy And Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Poly Sci Final Paper Essay Example

Poly Sci Final Paper Essay Final Paper Washington State University Political Science 418 Fall 2012 Section 1 Professor Robert Quinlan December 6, 2012 Introduction This paper is written almost exclusively with information taken directly from the book Families of the Forest  by Alan Johnson about the lifestyle of the Matsigenka Amazonian Natives. Information regarding the Matsigenka is almost solely derived from the work of Johnson unless noted otherwise. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and finally pose a development project that meets the needs described. Realistically this is only one possible solution posed by an inexperienced undergraduate student. The author is student who has never set foot in South America or even has had any experience with a development project. The ideas expressed in this work are purely an academic exercise. The author does not assume that the Matsigenka do not already know and or practice some of the ideas shared in this assignment. Overview of the Matsigenka The Matsigenka, a native people  of the  Amazon Basin, live in what Johnson describes as an â€Å"angular landscape, along river valleys surrounded by forested mountains†. We will write a custom essay sample on Poly Sci Final Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poly Sci Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poly Sci Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Matsigenka have a peripheral environment on the outside edge of conquest lands. They originally settled in to a as a bid to avoid conflicts with other groups. The land is not ideal but good enough to live on while not ever being sought as territory for annexation by other groups. They are very isolated and their living choice has the consequence scarcity. Many of the best crops, fish, and game are not as bountiful as they are in other areas. They have plenty of land for their type of farming and their small population means they do not compete between themselves for resources. Their settlements are small and spread far apart. (Johnson) To understand the Matsigenka they must be seen in their own unique context of their daily lives. As with any parent, the task of raising a child is to raise them to be able to live in the world on their own one day. For the Matsigenka this means raising children who will become accustomed to living in their own nuclear family and thrive while in relative isolation. (Johnson) The Matsigenka’s ability to be independent and desire to remain independent has been disheartening to missionaries and some schoolteachers. Attempts at organizing and building communities have largely been failures. The Matsigenka are happy to be free from directions and rules that stem from a missionary or any other persons attempt to convert or normalize them. (Johnson) From the very beginning their upbringing determines who they are as a people. From the start the emphasis on independence is apparent. No one is invited or comes to visit when a child is born. At birth a newborn is left alone on a mat while the mother is attended to. After a few minutes, the baby is then bathed with hot water causing discomfort making it cry. Johnson) The procedure is done to strengthen the child for the hard independent life to come. The Matsigenka parents test the child’s limits, expecting more and more self-reliance at an early age. In the home, mothers commonly tether toddlers to a stake keeping them from wandering into danger. The method is no more a cruel â€Å"leash† than a baby gate used in American homes could be considered a cruel cage. (Johnson) Tethering allows the child freedom and independence without the danger of physical harm. The Matsigenka’s diet is varied and extensive. Their types of food production are farming, fishing, hunting, and foraging with some small use of domesticated animals. They can eat anything from raw foods found anywhere in their environment or eat feasts involving days of preparation. The people eat insect larvae of many bugs all during the year as source of dietary fats and protein. Larger game birds, monkeys, peccary, and tapir are the favorites. Farming small gardens is the most important to them making up more than half of their food. Foraging and fishing can often time produce disappointing results. Snakes are taboo and never eaten. (Johnson) Their diet poses no issues for them. For crops the people grow manioc (cassava), maze (corn), bananas, plantains, rice and coffee. Coffee has been introduced recently by outsiders as a cash crop. Along with trying to build communities the crop was meant to bring indigenous peoples into contact and trade with the modern parts of Peru. Coffee was seen as way to introduce money into the Matsigenka system. (Johnson) Their farming methods are sufficient to sustain them and the land they work on. The most important fish in the Matsigenka diet is shima. Johnson) These fish get up to 20 inches long and can weigh over 2 pounds. They are bottom feeders caught by net fishing. Mamori are similar in size to shima and caught with a regular hook and line setup. Rock dwelling fish like etari who are caught by hand. Along with other species such as shrimp and kempiti caught in traps fit into their diverse diet. Large fish species of omani, kayunaro and char ava are rarely caught. (Johnson) Domesticated animals are not overly significant to a family. Families typically raise a couple of chickens and ducks. They are allowed to forage around the house during the day, feeding on insects considered pests like ants and sometimes are given maize. At night they are kept in chicken coops tended to by the children. (Johnson) As a people, the Matsigenka are very adaptive and catch all kinds of fish in many different ways. The Matsigenka do not participate in the market economy. Attempts to get them to raise cash crops and begin to participate have been implemented by outsiders. (Johnson) They make nearly all of the material goods used in daily life. However they do not make knives, aluminum pots or other metal items. As men and women they learn complementary manufacturing skills allowing them self-sufficiency. Matsigenka can survive in long-term isolation as a nuclear family with the skills in fishing, farming and hunting in the manner they prefer. (Johnson) The Matsigenka are adaptive, and independent. Needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description The Matsigenka have good nutrition and housing but they still have barriers to good overall health. The problems they have are not their fault. As a people they do everything they can like maintain standards of cleanliness, and treat illness with medicines they have available. The problems arise from limited resources and knowledge. (Johnson) For hygiene the Matsigenka clean themselves, their homes, and their clothing daily. Even when they sit on the earthen floor of their home they use a woven mat. (Johnson) They wash their hand before preparing food and are careful with waste. Baths are taken daily and garbage is thrown out in a separate area away from the home. The Matsigenka find human waste disgusting along with animal waste and believe according to Johnson that â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†(436) Families try to locate homes next to mountain streams to ensure a water supply uncontaminated by humans. (Johnson) Mountain streams, dry up seasonally forcing people back to the river for water where they are re-infected by water borne parasites. (Rainforest) Research has shown that the debilitating infections are colds, conjunctivitis, and parasites. Colds and conjunctivitis hit the community in waves. Epidemics move rapidly through the population. Tribal memories still exist of when the white man’s influenza that killed many. The people stay away from everyone and the schools when sickness hits. One of the most common greetings used by members is to ascertain if someone returning is sick and to be avoided. (Johnson) Johnson notes that researchers others who stayed with the Matsigenks stated: Most health complaints came to our attention because the medicines we had with us were believed to be more effective than Matsigenka remedies. Our house became a center where people would stop to tell us their symptoms and ask for treatment. They were pragmatic about accepting this help, seeing illness and injury as more or less naturally occurring. 436) When a family member becomes ill they are left to lie on a mat in their home while the rest of the family ignores the sick person. The Matsigenka believe sickness is life-threatening and feel a sick person is dangerous and best left alone. (Johnson) Johnson describes the Matsigenka as a mixed picture of health: They have an ample diet and are energetic and supple, capable of great feats of athleticism and endurance. They are attractive, maintain personal standards of cleanliness, and attend to their health needs with an array of remedies. On the other hand, they live with parasite loads that weaken them and probably contribute to many infant deaths, they are subject to viral and bacterial infections that periodically sweep their hamlets and incapacitate them putting food production at risk†¦ Despite the beauty of nature surrounding them and their freedom to set their own work agenda, theirs is a hard life evident in the virtual absence of elderly people. (439) A needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description provided by Johnson would indicate a few key items. Health education, medical aid, improvements in sanitation, and clean drinking water are the most pressing needs. These could be possibly met using a culturally sensitive and responsible means of service delivery. Development project that meets one or more of the needs described Any project design must take into consideration the unique culture of the people it seeks to help Johnson notes in a prominent way that there is family level of sociocultural integration not a community one and the Matsigenka cannot be understood or appreciated except as a family level society. Meaning, as a group they are not â€Å"tropical-forest villagers† or â€Å"tribal peoples† like most amateur sociologists may picture. Unlike other groups they do not participate in suprafamily, raiding and warfare, structured gift exchange, or even large group feasting. (Johnson) Concepts like a family reunion or organizing a militia to defend their land are completely foreign to their way of life. Johnson notes it is extremely difficult to get them to participate in any group activity. They will listen to and directions but will walk away and refuse to join the proposed group activity. Matsigenka are not amenable to being directed or led. Education or works projects from other regions cannot be rolled out in a cookie cutter fashion to help them. Understanding their independence and determination does not mean that the Matsigenka are closed to change. In the 1980 and 1970’s sierra farmers came to the mountain valleys to live next to Matsigenka families. The new farmers have brought infrastructural development that was welcomed by the Matsigenka people. They created school communities where boys, and girls, play soccer, study and do homework. Radios that can be found now are a sign of the integration of culture from the larger world around them. (Johnson) Most effective long term projects rely on ownership and the pride of the people they seek to help. Pride in ownership translates into maintenance and care of the public works project after the NGO who sets it up leaves. Johnson explains the idea of shintaro â€Å"owner† if we think of it not as legal title to objects like land or trees, but as a form of respect for the individual. Any project must transfer respect as ownership to achieve long term sustainability. Recently in the last 15 years money has been dumped into projects that have failed and been abandoned. (Fraser) It is not enough to just build something and leave. The best way to help might be to model what the rainforest flow project has done and pay special attention to some cultural factors. Any project should consider how ownership is considered, how the people operate as a family level society, the aversion to group activities, and being told what to do. The project should capitalize on their strong sense of hygiene and build on their dislike of human waste. The Matsigenka already intrinsically know about the importance of clean water and washing hands. The leap from understanding clean water and increasing the effectiveness of existing sanitation procedures should be an accomplishable task if executed sensitivly. Hygiene education and health services As a people they are very pragmatic, adaptable and have demonstrated a belief in better westernized medicine when dealing with researchers in the past. (Johnson) Setting up clinics may not be the answer since they will avoid any area where they may go and become sick. The clinic will need to come to the sick, not the other way around. Travelling to and helping sick family members on sleeping on mats in the home will strengthen any belief in stronger westernized medicine. The process will loosen the hold of traditional beliefs in bad spirits having an influence on outcomes. Health education can effectively be delivered using the existing school system and reinforced when educators visit with health professionals providing mobile medical clinic visits. (Rainforest) Previously efforts were made to do similar projects but the participants only spoke Spanish not the native language. To eliminate the language barrier it will be key that the health professionals and educators are fluent in the native language. Workers will need to understand cultural norms of the Matsigenka. (Rainforest) Special consideration should be given to immunization programs. Immunizations can make the people feel sick afterward and may scare participants off. Postponing immunizations until a trust relationship has been built up may be necessary. Credibility may be required for families to believe they are not being made sick after a flu shot or pertussis vaccination. Sanitation The Matsigenka already believe in finding the freshest water. Health education should teach how to defecate away from any water source and bury it when in the forest. The disdain they have for waste and how they conduct life around their home makes them receptive. Composting latrines with hand washing facilities may be built near schools but attention should be given to ventilation and odor control (Rainforest) considering â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†. (Johnson 436) Drinking water projects Delivering clean safe drinking water is of paramount importance to the Matsigenka, or any community. Rainforest Flow has used with self-reported success, for several years, a specific setup that uses low tech sand filtration. The method removes 99. 9 percent of bacteria from drinking water and uses a low tech gravitational flow. The systems are setup to support modest community growth and are maintained by a usage fee charged to every home water is delivered to. (Rainforest) In conclusion there are many projects that can possibly help the Matsigenka. The purpose of this paper was to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and pose a development project that meets their needs sensitively. Like any group, assistance must be provided to them on their terms for it to be accepted. References Fraser, B. (2012, May 25). Machiguenga communities could be affected by peru gas production. Retrieved from Johnson, A. (2003). Families of the forest the matsigenka indians of the peruvian amazon. University of California Press. Retrieved from http://www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html Rainforest flow. (2012, December 01). Retrieved from http://houseofthechildren. org/safe- drinking-water. html